Bellringers for Anatomy

	Bellringer #36 1. What does STD stand for? 2. What are the most common STDs?
	Bellringer #35 1. These finger-like projections move to create a current over the ovary and catch the egg after ovulation. 2. This is the usual site of fertilization. 3. This hormone triggers ovulation.
	Bellringer #34 1. Which three glands provide secretions that make up the semen? 2. What is a symptom or sign of a prostate problem in older men? 3. What does the pre-ejaculate from the bulbourethral glands do and why is it needed?
	Bellringer #33 Identify the main nutrient(s) (fat, protein, or carbohydrates) found in each food item: Bread, Steak, Cheese, Rice, Chicken Tenders, Apple, Eggs, Lollypop, Yogurt, Tomato, French Fries, Cereral, Soda, Poptarts
	Bellringer #32 Describe the functions of the following structures: 1. Liver 2. Gall Bladder 3. Pancreas 4. Small Intestine 5. Large Intestine 6. Stomach
	Bellringer #31 Name the following structures described below: 1. Saclike outpocketings of the large intestine wall 2. Blind sac hanging from the initial part of the colon. 3. Prevents food from moving back into the small intestine once it has entered the large intestine. 4. Controls the movement of food from the stomach into the duodenum.


	Bellringer #28 1. Why is a urinalysis a routine part of any good examination? 2. Name three nitrogenous waste products normally found in urine. 3. Name two abnormal constituents of urine.
	Bellringer #27 1. Name the three parts of the renal tubule. 2. Name the three functions of the nephron. 3. Explain the difference bewteen the filtrate and urine.
	Bellringer #26 1. What is the glomerulus and where is it located? 2. Name the structural and functional unit of the kidney. 3. Name the three regions of the kidney, and tell which region contains the majority of the structures named in the question above.
	Bellringer #25 1. Name the major organs of the urinary system. 2. What are the main functions of the urinary system? 3. Why is this so important?
	Bellringer #24 1. From what do the lens and cornea get their nourishment? 2. Name the 3 accessory eye structures that lubricate the eyeball, and tell what each secretes. 3. Why do most people develop presbyopia as they age? What condition does this resemble?
	Bellringer #23 1. Sketch a picture of the eyeball and label the following: cornea, lens, iris, sclera, choroid, retina, optic nerve, vitreous humor, and aqueous humor. 2. What is located at the blind spot in the eye? 3. What is located lateral (to the side) to the blind spot and has a function practically opposite in nature?
	Bellringer #22 1. What causes watery eyes when you have a cold? 2. How many external eye muscles are there? Name them. 3. Name and describe the “white of the eye.”
	Bellringer #21 1. Where is the conjunctiva located, and what is its function? 2. What is conjunctivitis? 3. What gland secretes an enzyme that destroys bacteria? Name the gland and the enzyme.

	Bellringer #19 1. What's the difference between concussion, contusion, cerebral edema? 2. How does the myelin sheath benefit the axon?
	Bellringer #18 1. What is the difference between white matter and gray matter? 2. How does the human cortex compare in size to other animals? 3. Why do we use sheep brains in our dissections?
	Bellringer #17 1. What does a drug addict look like? 2. Why are drugs addictive?
	Bellringer #16 Sketch a picture of a nerve cell (neuron) and label the following parts: Axon, Axonal Terminal, Cell Body, Dendrites, Myelin Sheath, Neurotransmitters, Node of Ranvier, Schwann Cell, Synapse
	Bellringer #15 1. What are the two great controlling systems of the body? 2. List the structures of the CNS and PNS.
	Bellringer #14 1. Compare and contrast the signs and symptoms of emphysema and chronic bronchitis. 2. Distinguish between the following lung volumes: Residual volume, IRV, ERV, dead space volume, vital capacity.
	Bellringer #13 1. Describe the path that air takes from the nose to the alveoli. 2. What is hyperventilation? 3. Why does it make you pass out?
	Bellringer #12 1. At what age did most smokers have their first cigarette? 2. Generally, what is the body's reaction to first-time smoking? 3. Summarize your findings when you compared the United States lung cancer statistics with Europe.
	Bellringer #11 1. Explain the processes that take place in order for air to move into the lungs during inspiration. 2. Explain the processes that take place in order for air to move out of the lungs during expiration.
	Bellringer #10 1. Which primary bronchus is the more likely site for an inspired object to become lodged? Why? 2. In terms of general health, what is the importance of the fact that the auditory tubes and the sinuses drain into the nasal cavities and nasopharynx?
	Bellringer #9 1. What are the cilia? 2. What do the goblet cells do? 3. What's the difference between external and internal respiration?
	Bellringer #8 1. What causes the Lub-Dub sound heard from the heart? 2. What is the normal blood pressure? What does each number represent? 3. Name the veins that carry blood : a. through the pelvic region b. Across the front of the elbow c. Across the back of the knee d. Behind the clavicle e. Along the base of the neck f. Through the neck
	Bellringer #7 1. Describe two things that surprised you or impressed you about the Pig Heart Dissection. 2. What is the heart's “pacemaker?” 3. Describe the path for the transmission of impulse in the intrinsic conduction system.
	Bellringer #6 1. What is the pericardium? 2. What is its function? 3. Which side of the heart is “bigger?”
	Bellringer #5 1. Explain the difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. 2. What vital role does blood pressure play?
	Bellringer #4 1. Explain the structural differences between arteries, capillaries, veins. 2. Arteries are often described as vessels that carry O 2 -rich blood and veins carry O 2 -poor blood. Name two sets of exceptions to this rule.
	Bellringer #3 1. Describe the location and position of the heart. 2. Draw a diagram of the heart showing the 3-layers composing its wall, and it's four chambers. Label each. Show where the AV and semilunar valves are. Show and label all blood vessels entering and leaving the heart chambers.
	Bellringer #2 1. Trace one drop of blood from the time it enters the right atrium of the heart until it enters the left atrium. 2. What is this circuit called?
	Bellringer #1 Describe as much as you know about the anatomy and physiology of the heart, i.e. what it is made of, how it functions, how it is controlled, etc.
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